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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) comp.sys.m68k This list is maintained by: Robert Boys Ontario, CANADA Email: r.boys@genie.geis.com or fboys@uoguelph.ca August 21, 1994 this is the 7th list =========================================================================== =========================================================================== = = = NOTICE: This FAQ is approaching the magic 64K boundary. = = Some newsreaders are not able to handle a file greater than 64 Kbytes. = = = = I only got one reply, and he doesn't care, so... = = I presume that everybody's newsreader can, in fact, handle a big FAQ. = = = =========================================================================== =========================================================================== The information contained in this FAQ is believed to be correct and up to date. Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy. The maintainer cannot be responsible for errors and omissions. Check with a Motorola sales office to make sure a device is available before designing any products. This article is copyright (c) 1994 and all rights are reserved. This article may be reprinted provided it is intact, proper credit is given and no cost is levied. Contact the author for permissions. This FAQ is archived on bode.ee.ualberta.ca:/pub/motorola/general and on ftp.luth.se:/pub/misc/motorola/faq as m68kfaq?.zip. (? is version) If trouble is experienced with the Alberta site, try ftp.ee.ualberta.ca. Some files mentioned in this FAQ may have a suffix of .zip, .arc or .gz depending on the preferences of the archive site administrator. What's New! ------------ New sections and corrections are identified with a "]" in the left margin. - "ola" source - info on 68040, 050, 060, 070 (to be completed soon) - MC68LC060 and 68EC060 - Embedded Systems Conference - MC68EN360 now has dual Ethernet capability - clock drivers - MC88915/916 for '030 & '040 - Linux68K - Newbridge SCV64 details (a VME interface chip) - Indiana University may offer 68030 kits - Oxford University has instruction info & pinouts of CPU chips CONTENTS: 1) Motorola 16/32 Bit Product Line A) MC680x0 B) MC68EC0x0 and MC68LC0x0 C) MC68300 series D) Peripheral Chips E) 8 and 16 bit Processors F) Speed Comparisons G) PowerPC - MPC601, MPC603, MPC604 series. 2) Software Sources A) Free Software Available B) Commercial Software Available C) Motorola BBS and AESOP D) ftp Sites 3) Hardware (board level) Sources A) Integrated Development Platform (IDP), MEVB, BCC, et al B) VME modules C) Indiana University 68030 single board project D) Consumer computers and Workstations 4) Construction Information 5) General Specifications A) Integrated Circuit Package Information B) Pin-outs C) S-Records D) CPU Clocks and Double-Clocking 6) Literature A) "Specs in Secs" B) "UPDATE" C) "The 68K Connection" D) Master Selection Guide E) Motorola Addresses F) Literature Distribution Centres G) Training and Instructional Books ] H) University Support //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 1) Motorola 16/32 Bit Product Line: ===================================== Motorola introduced its first microprocessor in 1974: the 8 bit MC6800 with an extensive line of support peripherals soon available. The MC68000 was introduced in 1979 and was soon followed by a host of 16 bit peripheral chips. The 6800 and 68000 families soon became very popular due to their straightforward architecture and simple and easy to use bus connections. The first member of the 68K family - the MC68000, is not software compatible with the 8 bit 6800 series which includes the 68HC11 series. The 68K family itself is upwards software compatible. The two Motorola divisions of interest here are the High Performance MPU and the Advanced Micro-Controller Unit (AMCU). The High Performance Group deals with the MC680x0 series, 68306, 68307, 68322, 68340, 68341 and 68349. The rest (including 680x, 68HC11, 68HC16) are from the AMCU division except the 68360 which is from the Communications Division. This FAQ divides the 68K family into three sections - MC680x0, MC68EC0x0 and the MC68300 series. A short section on 8/16 bit processors follows. The Motorola integrated circuit product line (almost all of it) has the prefix of "MC" as in MC68030. 68030 and '030 are short forms of this. A prefix of "XC" indicates a part not yet fully qualified. A prefix of "SC" designates a part specially made for a customer. The terms M68K or 68K represent the 68000 processor line in general as in comp.sys.m68k. ( K = 10^3 or ,000 in scientific circles) A "*" as in DTACK* signifies the signal is active or true in the low state if level sensitive or on the presence of a negative edge if edge triggered. A byte is 8 bits, a word 16 bits and a long word is 32 bits. The prefix "$" as in $7F or $128 signifies a hexadecimal number. Motorola was originally the Galvin Mfg. Co in the early thirties. The name "Motorola" came from the fact that Motorola was once a major player in automobile radios hence the "motor". Autos were called "motor cars" ]("motors" by those who were "hip") in the 1930s. The "ola" is the ]"derived 2nd element of pianola" according to the Oxford dictionary. ]Pianola was a turn-of-the-century machine that played pianos. The "ola" ]is a suffix used to form commercial nouns often used in the music industry ]as in "Victrola" or as an emphatic instance or humorous version of what is ]intended as in "payola" which of course means a bribe, especially in the ]music industry. "ola" might be termed a "humorous coinage" - a saying ]popular in that time. A) MC680x0 ------------ The original MC68000 has the following general features: * CISC - Complex Instruction Set Computer architecture. * eight 32 bit general purpose data registers (D0-D7). * eight 32 bit general purpose address registers (A0-A7). (A7 is the stack pointer) * 32 bit Program Counter - linear 4 gigabyte - no paging or segments. * 16 bit external data bus - needs 16 bit ROM and RAM for system. Can access 8 or 16 bit memory and peripheral devices. * 16 Mbyte linear addressing range (23 bit plus Upper* and Lower* data strobes for an effective 24 bit range), 32 bit with 68020. * 56 Instruction types - over 1000 useful permutations are possible. * memory mapped I/O. (peripheral registers addressed as memory). * 14 addressing modes on a contiguous address space (no segments). * 5 main data types. (bit, byte, BCD, word and long word). * Supervisor and User states. Stack Pointer A7 is set to User (USP) or Supervisor SP (SSP) by a bit in the status register. * Exception processing and 7 levels of interrupts. * Asynchronous bus structure. Uses DTACK* from the peripheral chip. * non-multiplexed address and data buses - interfaces with LS-TTL. * Bus Arbitration and an internal TRACE facility for debugging. * 5 volt NMOS dynamic construction. (68HC000 is a CMOS MC68000) Exception processing results from interrupts, TRAP instructions, a bus or address error or a reset. The Exception Vector table is normally made of 255 32 bit vectors using 1024 k of memory starting at location 0. The CPU loads the appropriate vector, containing the 32 bit address of the routine to service the exception, from this table at the occurrence of an exception such as reset, bus or address error, TRAP and others. This table is usually constructed in RAM by the operating system during the initialization period. There are 192 user interrupt vectors reserved. The initial SSP (Supervisor Stack Pointer) and initial PC (for RESET) occupy memory location $0 and $4 which usually maps out to ROM. The CPU can only switch from USER mode to the SUPERVISOR mode via exception processing. MC68008: The 68008 is a MC68000 with a 8 bit data bus in a 48 pin DIP or a 52 pin PLCC. The RAM, ROM and peripheral chips must have 8 bit data paths. The DIP package address bus is 20 bits (1 mbyte) and the PLCC device has 22 bits (4 mbytes). A0 is present on both these parts. The 68008 is listed as "not recommended for new designs". Other devices such as the 68HC001 and the MC68EC000 have a switchable (at reset) 8 or 16 bit data bus. MC68010: The 68010 is a 68000 with the addition of virtual machine and virtual memory capabilities and a "loop mode" which acts like a 3 word instruction cache. This processor is listed as "not for new designs". A 68010 will plug into a 68000 socket and work. Three new registers are added. The Vector Base Register (VBR) determines where in memory the vector table is located which allows for multiple tables to implement the virtual machine and memory functions. The Alternate Function Code Registers (SFC and DFC) allow the Supervisor mode to access user data space or emulate CPU space cycles. The instruction set is essentially the same for the 68000/08/10. The 68010 supports modular programming. MC68020: The MC68020 incorporates 32 bit address and data paths and Dynamic Bus Sizing to "size" peripherals and memory on a cycle-by-cycle basis to 8, 16 or 32 bit lengths using signals supplied by external hardware to the SIZ0-1 pins. The 68020 is software compatible to all earlier 68K members. A co-processor interface is provided in the instruction set. All virtual features of the 68010 are preserved. The multiply and divide instructions use 32 bit operands and branch displacements can be 32 bits. Over 20 new instructions have been added. A 256 byte instruction cache has been added along with two cache registers (CACR, CAAR). A Master Stack Pointer (MSP) (32 bits) has been added to facilitate Multi-Tasking Operating Systems. MC68030: The MC68030 is essentially an improved 68020. The MC68030 incorporates a paged memory management unit (MMU) and 256 byte instruction and data caches (modified Harvard Architecture). The internal MMU implements most of the functions of the MC68851 MMU. Two 64 bit, three 32 bit and one 16 bit registers have been added for MMU control functions. The improved bus interface supports "burst mode", asynchronous and synchronous memory accesses as well as dynamic bus sizing support. The Burst Mode fills the data and instruction caches with bytes from external memory independently with four accesses in a row. Many functions of the 68030 operate in parallel increasing throughput. The 68030 can switch between synchronous and asynchronous modes "on the fly". The '030 is a device useful for new designs and is available in PGA and surface mount packages up to 33 Mhz. MC68040: This section not complete nor edited. The MC68040 adds a Floating Point Unit (FPU), separate memory managers for data and instruction memory and 4 Kbyte data and instruction caches. The '040 has 32 bit data and address busses with synchronous bus cycles and uses a full Harvard architecture. The 68040 (as well as the 68060) does not support dynamic bus sizing as in the '020 and '030. The MC68150 will add this feature to the '040 and '060. The built-in FPU utilizes most of the instructions of the MC68882 FPU. The MC68040 is used in current high power computer systems. MC68050: There is no known 68050 part. The rumour on the Net is that since people were pairing Intel and Motorola processors by part number - ie 6800/8080, 68000/8086, 68010/80186, 68020/80286, 68030/80386 and so on - Motorola decided to break the pattern and jump from the '040 directly to the '060. I have never seen any information from Motorola to suggest this story is true - it is just rumour. It does make appropriate marketing sense. Signetics once made a Scc68070 that is similar to the MC68000. MC68060: (this section not completed yet) This is the latest and most powerful member of the 68K family. The '060 is designed as an upgrade from a '040 with 2.5 to 3.5 times the performance of the '040. The on-board caches have been increased to 8 Kbytes each and has 2.5 million transistors on the single die. The '060 uses various dynamic power management techniques to reduce power consumption. The '060 has a clock speed of 50 Mhz currently with a future model at 66 Mhz. This part operates at a Vcc of 3.3 volts and interfaces to both 3 and 5 volt peripherals. It has been available as sample parts for some time now and may now be entering quantity production. This may be the last member of the 68K family. The '060 does not support dynamic bus sizing. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Feature | 68000 | 'HC001 | 68010 | 68020 | 68030 | 68040 | 68060 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data bus | 16 8 or 16 16 8/16/32 8/16/32 32 32 | | Addr bus | 23 23 23 32 32 32 32 | | Virtual memory | - - Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes | | Instruct Cache | - - 3 256 256 4096 8192 | | Data Cache | - - - - 256 4096 8192 | | Memory manager | <+ (68451 or 68851) +> 68851 Yes Yes Yes | | FPU interface | - - - 68881 or 68882 Internal FPU | | built-in FPU | - - - - - Yes Yes | | Burst Memory | - - - - Yes Yes Yes | | Bus Cycle type | <++++++++ asynchronous +++++++> both synchronous | | Data Bus Sizing| - - - Yes Yes use 68150 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTES: i) 68010, 68008, 68451 are apparently no longer available from Motorola. ii) FPU (floating point arithmetic unit) has eight 80 bit registers. iii) MC68008 is a MC68000 with a 8 bit external data path and A0 pin. iv) MC68882 is an enhanced version of the MC68881. Check the appropriate data sheets for more information and interchangeability. v) The MC68000/10 external address bus consists of pins A1 to A23. A0 is an internal signal. Using this scheme, the processor accesses memory in steps of 16 bits for a maximum total of 8 mwords or 16 mbytes of memory. The external outputs UPPER* and LOWER* data strobes can be used to effect byte transfers. See the 68000 data sheet for more detail. Other 68k series members have a A0 pin. All internal address registers are 32 bit. vi) MC68060 has a 256 byte entry branch cache. It is also a 3.3 volt part. vii) MC68040V and MC68EC040V are 3.3 volt parts, the rest are 5 volts. viii)MC68HC000 is low power version of the 68000 using HCMOS technology. ix) MC68HC001 is a HC68000 with either a (at reset) 8 or 16 bit data bus. x) The MC68040V, 68LC040, 68EC40 or 68EC040V do not have a FPU. B) MC68EC0x0 and MC68LC0x0 ---------------------------- This family is essentially a subset of the MC680x0 product line. It is designed for low cost embedded controller applications. The major differences between the two are listed below. Check the appropriate data sheet for more detailed information. i) MC68EC000 is a MC68000 with selectable 8 or 16 bit data bus and A0. ii) MC68EC020 is a MC68020 with a 24 bit address bus rather than 32 bits. iii) MC68EC030 is a MC68030 without a paged memory manager (PMMU). iv) MC68LC040 is a MC68040 without a built-in math coprocessor (FPU). v) MC68EC040 is a MC68040 without a memory manager or built-in FPU. vi) MC68LC060 is a MC68060 without a built-in math coprocessor (FPU) vii) MC68EC060 is a MC68060 without a memory manager or built-in FPU. *************************************************************************** The Embedded Systems Conference: --------------------------------- The Embedded Systems Conference will be held September 20-23 at the Santa Clara Convention Center, Santa Clara, California. This year single-board computers are included along with single chips, development tools, real- time operating systems, compilers, assemblers, simulators and others. For information phone (415) 905-2220, Facsimile (415) 905-2354. *************************************************************************** C) MC68300 series ------------------- This series incorporates various peripherals into various 68K core processors. They may be called "integrated processors". The core processors are the 68EC000 and CPU32. The CPU32 is derived from the 68020 processor. The CPU32 has a 16 bit data bus and the extended version (CPU32+) incorporates a full 32 bit data bus. The CPU32 and CPU32+ have a built-in background debugging mode (BDM) in the internal microcode. EC000 CPU CORES: --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Feature | 68302 | 68306 | 68307 | 68322 | - | - | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Core CPU | EC000 EC000 EC000 EC000 - - | | TPU (timer) | - - - - - - | | DUART (68681) | - Yes Yes see - - | | DRAM controller| - Yes - below - - | | Static Ram | 576 - - for - - | | Flash EEPROM | - - - more - - | | A/D Converter | - - - info - - | | Serial Ports | 3 Duplex - - - - - | | DMA | Yes - ? - - - | | Timer | 3 - 2 - - - | | Parallel Ports | 2 2 bit - - - | | Chip Selects X | 4 8 4 - - - | | PGA package ? | Yes - ? - - - | --------------------------------------------------------------------- MC68322 (BANDIT): Uses a EC000 core with a RISC graphics processor (RGP), a print engine video controller (PVC) and other features. This part is designed for non-impact printers and the fax/modem/printer market. ANOTHER NEW PART - MC68356: combines a 68302 and a 56002 (Digital Signal Processor - DSP) in one package. Uses "TRUESPEECH" speech compression. Target market includes small modems, wireless communications, cellular and automobile navigation. Available 4th quarter 1994 @$64.95 (qty > 10,000). CPU32 CPU CORES: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Feature | 68330 | 68331 | 68332 | 68F333 | 68334 | 68340 | 68341 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Core CPU | CPU32 CPU32 CPU32 CPU32 | CPU32 CPU32 CPU32 | | TPU (timer) | - - Yes Yes | Yes - - | | DUART (68681) | - - - - | - Yes - | | DRAM controller| - - - - | - - - | | Static Ram | - - 2K 4K | 1K - - | | Flash EEPROM | - - - 64K | - - - | | A/D Converter | - - - Yes | Yes - - | | Serial Ports | 2 2 2 2 | - - 2 | | DMA | - Yes - Yes | - 2 CH 2 CH | | Timer | 2 GPT - 1 | - 2 Yes | | Parallel Ports | 2 - - 18 bits| ? 2 2 | | Chip Selects X | 4 12 12 9 | ? 4 8 | | PGA package ? | - - - - | ? Yes - | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CPU32+ CPU CORE: (32 bit address bus) and 68HC16 (for reference). --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Feature | 68349 | 68360 | | | HC16Y1| HC16Z1| HC16Z2 | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Core CPU | CPU32+ CPU32+ | CPU16 CPU16 CPU16 | | TPU (timer) | Yes - | Yes - - | | DUART (68681) | - Yes | - - - | | DRAM controller| - Yes | - - - | | Static Ram | 4K 2.5K | 2k 1k 2k | | Flash EEPROM | - - | 48k rom - 8k rom | | A/D converter | Yes - | 10 bit 10 bit 10 bit | | Serial Ports | dual 4 | 2 1 1 | | DMA | 2 ch 2 ch | - - - | | Timer | - 4 | GPT GPT GPT | | Parallel Ports | ? 3 | Yes Yes Yes | | Chip Selects X | ? 4 | 9 12 12 | | PGA package ? | ? Yes | - - - | --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTES: i) Availability of features are not necessarily mutually exclusive. ii) The MC68330 is the lowest cost member of the 68300 family. (maybe) iii) CPU32 has a 16 bit external data bus. CPU32+ has a 32 bit data bus. iv) Chip Selects X - programmable CS pins to select external peripherals. v) MC68341 has a RTC. (real time clock) vi) ? - I do not have the data sheet for this device. vii) PGA avail - Pin Grid Array. Easier to use as surface mount devices are difficult to solder. (but not impossible) viii) These devices are very complicated. It is impossible to outline all the possible features. Refer to the appropriate data sheet. ]ix) The MC68360 has an optional -dual- Ethernet capability. (MC68EN360) x) Some devices have built-in background debuggers. See data sheets. xi) MC68307 has a 8051 8 bit data bus, 8 external interrupts and IIC port x) The MC68F333 may not be available due to production problems. xi) The 68340V and 68330V are 3.3 volt parts. xi) GPT = General Purpose Timer. See the appropriate data sheets. xii) The 68HC16 series is not software compatible with the 68k series. xiii) The 68349 has a 1 kbyte instruction cache or a 2k static ram. D) Peripheral Chips --------------------- There is a large offering of peripheral chips available from various manufacturers. The MC68230 PIT (Parallel Interface/Timer) and the MC68901 MFP (Multi-Function Peripheral) are common and very useful. 68K peripheral devices have a DTACK* output that signals acknowledgement of the bus cycle to the CPU - this is how the asynchronous bus functions in the 68k family. Devices from other families can be used with some ingenuity in the interface. The multiplexed bus on other competitive products and the lack of the DTACK* acknowledgement signal are two issues. Generation of the DTACK* signal in these situations is simple. 68K DEVICE DESCRIPTION note: prefix MC on all these numbers 68150 Dynamic Bus Sizer (for 040, LC040, EC040 and 68060) 68160 EEST (Ethernet driver) - glueless logic to MC68360. 68184 Broadband Interface Controller (BIC) IEEE 802.4 68185 Twisted Pair Modem -use with 68824 for low cost LAN 68194 Carrierband Modem - IEEE 802.4 Physical Layer 1 68195 Local Talk Adapter - MC68332 to LocalTalk networks 68230 Parallel Interface/Timer - two 8 bit ports, 24 bit timer 68338 Mac-Media Access Controller - FDDI, see BR1104/D for family 68339 FSI-FDDI System Interface (Fibre Distributed Data Interface) 68440 Dual Channel DMA - 32 bit addressing R & FN packages 68450 DMA Controller (DMAC) - 4 channel 68451 Memory Management Unit (MMU) (obsolete) 68605 X.25 Protocol Controller - two 22 byte FIFOs, DMA, HDLC 68606 X.25 Multi-Link LAPD Protocol Controller - in ISDN 68681 Dual Universal Asynchronous Receiver/transmitter (DUART) 68824 Token Bus Controller (TBC) - GM MAP Level 2 68836 FCG-FDDI Clock Generator - lower part of PHY of FDDI 68837 ELM Elasticity Buffer and Link - rest of PHY of FDDI 68851 32 bit Paged Memory Management Unit (PMMU) (obsolete) 68881/68882 Floating Point Coprocessor (FPU) 68901 Multi Function Peripheral - USART, 8 par I/O lines, 4 timers 10H640 MC68030/040 ECL/TTL Clock Driver (also MC100H640 @5v) ]88915/88916 MC68030 and MC68040 clock drivers Motorola MC6800 family peripherals are very common in M68K systems. Some popular (and useful) ones are: 6821 PIA - Parallel Interface Adapter. (better to use 68230) 6845 CRT controller. (as in IBM PC Monochrome and CGA screens) 6850 ACIA - simple yet flexible serial port. Cheap too. 68B52 Synchronous Serial Data Adapter (SSDA) 68B54 Advanced data Link Controller (ADLC) 68488 IEEE 488 Interface Adapter 146818 RTC with Ram - Real Time Clock. (as in IBM AT Pcs) Other manufacturer's parts are often used with 68K products. E) 8 and 16 bit Processors ---------------------------- Motorola manufactures a wide range of 8 and 16 bit processors and controllers. The families are the 6800, 6801, 6805, 68HC05, 6809, 68HC11 ]and 68HC16 (16 bit) series. Many of these devices have built-in functions ]such as EPROM, analogue to digital convertors, PLLs and special drivers ]for stepper motors and LCD displays. Refer to the "Master Selection Guide" or SG166/D for more information. Information and free software is available on the Motorola BBS and most ftp sites. Dunfield Development Systems, Nepean Ontario, (613) 256-5820 or ddunfield@bix.com provides low cost compilers and emulators for these products. ============== hc11/hc16 mailing list =============== send messages to mc68hc11@hipp.etsu.edu subscriber requests to mc68hc11-request@hipp.etsu.edu ===================================================== See the MSA BBS under the Motorola BBS. Much of the information in this FAQ pertaining to Motorola resources, ftp sites and general information is also applicable to these processors. BR261/D outlines these product lines. The 68HC11 Microcontroller FAQ by Russ Hersch (sibit@datasrv.co.il) contains a great deal of resource information about these processors. It is posted once a month to comp.robotics and other similar groups. A FAQ is being written for the HC16 processors. F) Speed Comparisons ----------------------- These figures are taken from various Motorola promotional literature. __________________________________________________________________________ CPU Dhrystones type 8 Mhz 16 Mhz 20 Mhz 25 Mhz 33 Mhz 40 Mhz 50 M| --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68000 2100 4376 68EC000 2100 4376 68020 7559 9069 11336 15100 68EC020 7559 11336 68030 7830 9394 11743 15641 18788 23485 68EC030 11743 18788 68040 45460 60553 72736 68LC040 36368 45460 60553 68EC040 36368 45460 60553 68060 - claim is about 3.5 times faster than 68040 @ 50 and 66 Mhz 68300 SERIES CPU CORES EC000 2100 4376 5250 CPU32 6742 8036 10045 CPU32+ 7416 11049 14717 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- My Intel 80386 clone (with 80387) 40 Mhz is 11049 Dhrystones. My original ]IBM XT 4.77 Mhz computer shows 300 Dhrystones, a Cray EL92 @ 14,286 and a ]Sparcstation IPC @ 23613. Motorola claims a Macintosh Quadra (68040) runs 15-20% faster than a 50Mhz 80486. ]Spec numbers are most useful to measure computer systems and are ]inappropriate for CPUs so are not shown here. G) PowerPc - MPC601, MPC603, MPC604 series. -------------------------------------------- The PowerPC series are Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC). They were developed by Motorola, IBM and Apple Computer. These processors are featured in Macintosh, VME and IBM computers. Neither the 601, 603 or the 604 seem to have a Program Counter or Stack Pointers in the MC680x0 sense. MPC601 Features: (the first PowerPC chip, used in current Apple desktops) * Thirty-two 32 bit General Purpose Registers (GPR). (user level) * Thirty-Two 64 bit Floating Point Registers (FPR). (user level) * Six 32 bit Special Purpose Registers (SPR). (user level) * Twenty-seven 32 bit Special Purpose Registers (SPR). (supervisor) * Sixteen 32 bit Segment Registers (SR) (supervisor). (for MMU) * Exception processing - uses vector offset table. * 32 bit address bus - linear, not multiplexed or segmented. * 64 bit data bus - not multiplexed (address bus not multiplexed). * single-beat (1-8 bytes) and burst (32 bytes) data transfers. * Two levels of privilege - Supervisor and User modes. * Floating Point Unit (FPU) - supports all IEEE 754 data types. * Memory Management Unit (MMU) - 52 bit virtual memory address. * 32 Kbyte unified data and instruction cache - with bus snooping. * 3.3 volt CMOS part - interfaces with TTL devices, 5.6 to 8.0 watts. * 50, 66, 80 Mhz versions - 304 pin quad flat pack ceramic package. The 601 data types are: integer (8/16/32 bits), floating point (32/64 bits) Instructions are grouped into these six categories: (MPC601) * Integer - compare, rotate, shift, computational and logical. * Floating Point - arithmetic, rounding, conversion, compare, *, +. * Load/store - integer and floating load, store and move. * Flow control - branching, trap, condition register logical. * Processor control - move to/from SPRs, MSR, sync memory accesses. * Memory control - control of caches, segment registers, lookaside. The MPC603 is a low power version for use in battery operated portables and is used in Apple Powerbooks and the Newton. The MPC604 is not yet available. It is similar to the 601 with separate 16 Kbyte data and instruction caches (Harvard Architecture), separate data and instruction MMUs, 3 Integer Units and a Load/Store Unit. There will be more PowerPC processors. The 620 (64 bit) will be used in the next generation Apple desktops. MPC930/950/972 are clock drivers for PowerPC and Pentium parts. MPC601UM/AD - PowerPC 601 RISC Microprocessor User's Manual MPC601/D - Technical Summary - PowerPC 601 Microprocessor MPC601EC/D - Hardware Specs - PowerPC 601 Microprocessor MPC603/D - Technical Summary - PowerPC 603 Microprocessor MPC604/D - Technical Summary - PowerPC 604 Microprocessor Motorola's first RISC processors are the MC88100 (CPU and FPU) and the MC88200 (cache and MMU). They have separate address and data busses for instruction and data memory space. The PowerPC is not an upgrade of these parts. The 88100 family are presumably still available, but no longer appear to have a high profile in Motorola's present product matrix. 2) Software Sources ==================== A) Free Software Available --------------------------- Assemblers, compilers and debuggers exist to run on Ms-Dos, Mac, Unix, 680x0 and Amiga platforms. This is an incomplete list of filenames to search for on the Internet using Archie: 68asmsim.zip - 68000/08/10 assembler and simulator, MS-Dos, with docs and source code, uses S-records, widely available via ftp. Easy to use, docs are clear and well organized. Simple function. tutor.arc - source code for MEX68KECB (68000/08/10) monitor with one- line assembler/disassembler, S-records & terminal, no docs tutornew.zip - as above, improved version(?), binaries and source code in 68K assembler, no docs. For modified Alberta ECB computer. as68k.arc - source code in C of a 68000 assembler for the Amiga. Docs included. Look also for amigacc68k.lha and SOZOBON.* as68kdos.zip - 68020/68881/68851 assembler, with docs and source code, uses s-records, MS-Dos. A little more advanced than 68asmsim.zip fbug68k.arc - A monitor program for m68000/08/10/20/30/40 processors in C source code. MC68881/882 (fpu) support and good docs. M16pc.zip - MS-dos FORTH code to native 68k machine language. No docs other than the source code. Contact R. Boys for a copy. 68343ffp.arc - A collection of 68000/10 assembly language floating point routines. Docs are in the ascii listings. Need assembler. cc68k.arc - optimizing C cross compiler for MS-dos. Generates MC68000 code. Minimal docs, source code included. 040_fpsp - Floating Point software for the MC68040 unimplemented 68881/882 instructions. Located on the Motorola Free BBS and AESOP (as m68040FPSP). See below for phone numbers. x68000.arc - 68000 assembler (DDJ PP) for MS-Dos, no docs, source code. On the Motorola BBS, bode.ee.ualberta.ca and ftp.luth.se. tbi68k.lbr - Tiny Basic for 68000 ECB board, with source, Found on the Motorola BBS, bode.ee.ualberta.ca and ftp.luth.se. Not listed here are assemblers, cross-assemblers, C compilers, debuggers etc. for 68HC11 series, 68701, 68HC16, MC68332, MC68302, MC68360, Digital Signal Processors (DSP). There is Macintosh software also. These files are all available on the Motorola BBS and most ftp sites. (see below) Two syntaxes exist for M68k assembler source code - the Motorola and the MIT versions. As an example, the Motorola syntax is move.l xxx and the MIT syntax is movel xxx. These types of differences must be corrected before the source code can be compiled. This problem seems to be found in GCC code and appears to result from the inability of MIT's computer system to handle a ".". Rolf Spalink's file mit2mot.tar.gz converts from one syntax to the other. FTP from (bode.ee.ualberta.ca:/pub/motorola/portable or ftp.luth.se:/pub/misc/motorola/m68k). For sample source code on IDE drive, VGA, SIMM memory and ISA bus interfaces, try the Indiana University 68030 project listed below. For drivers in source code for communications such as HDLC, Lapd, Bisync, LocalTalk and others, from bode.ee.ualberta.ca:/pub/motorola, get the file motorola_bbs_listing. This file is a listing of the Motorola BBS in Texas. Some files are mirrored on the ftp sites. See D) ftp sites below. DJGPP is a port of GCC to MS-DOS (386 or higher) which can be found via ftp on: omnigate.clarkson.edu: /pub/msdos/djgpp oak.oakland.edu: /pub/msdos/djgpp or any SIMTEL mirror site. Both sources and binaries are available. It is also available on the Motorola BBS in Austin, bode.ee.ualberta.ca and ftp.luth.se as x68000.arc (a 68k cross-compiler). ]Linux68K - Linux, a UNIX clone for 80386 and higher processors is now ]being ported to the Amiga, Atari and Macintosh machines. For information ]about Linux and the 68K port contact the www server in Germany: ]http://www-users.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/~hn/linux68k.html ]The source code and some compiled code is available via ftp from: ]tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/680x0/ B) Commercial Software Available --------------------------------- There are many third party vendors of software for Motorola processors. A Motorola BBS - Aesop which is described below, contains a large listing of these vendors. The Motorola 68000 Developer program exists to provide marketing support for 68k developers. Interested developers can join by calling (800) 367-8363. Developers are listed in "68k Source" (BR729/D). For European sources get europe.gz at ftp.luth.se:/pub/misc/motorola/faq. The firms listed below are representative examples: Introl Corporation Milwaukee, Wisconsin (414) 327-7171, FAX (414) 327-7734 email: info@introl.com Provides a range of cross development tools for 6801,3,4,5,9, 68HC11, 68HC16 and the 68000 family. Hosts include the IBM PC, Macintosh, RS/6000, VAX/VMS, Sun-4, Apollo, DecStation and HP 9000 series. Nohau Corporation Campbell, California (408) 866-1820, FAX (408) 378-7869 Provides in-circuit emulators for the 68300 and 68HC16 families. Microware Systems Corporation Des Moines, Iowa (515) 224-1929, FAX (515) 224-1352 Email: info@microware.com Provides the real-time operating system OS-9 to run on MC680x0 systems. C) Motorola BBS ---------------- Motorola operates a free Bulletin Board System that contains documents and free software. There is a Fax-Back service. The file faxndx.txt contains the documents available for faxback. The numbers are: ================================================================== MOTOROLA FREE BBS SYSTEM There is NO cost for this. Austin, Texas (512) 891-3733 The V.32 9600 Baud modems are now on-line using MNP-5! Please connect at 8 Data bits, No Parity, 1 Stop Bit. ALSO: Munich, Germany. 49-89-92103-111. (14400 baud) Stuttgart, Germany 49-7031-275496 (19200 baud) San Diego, California (619) 279-3907 Toronto, Ontario, Canada (416) 497-8989 (1200 baud) The MSA BBS (Microcontroller Software Applications) is now running on the Austin BBS. It supports MASM which is a cross assembler for the 68HC05 and HC08/11/16 products. A demo version is available for free downloading. =========================================================================== "Design-NET" is a new Motorola electronic link to customers. A database, Email, OEM pricing, NEWS database, and more is available. Request BR1307 from the Literature Distribution Centre or a Motorola sales office. The Specs in Secs disk contains a Membership Request Form in the main menu. "Design-NET" also has a fax-back service for many Motorola documents at (602) 244-6609. A touch-tone phone (DTMF) is needed. This is an International service. An instruction fax is available from here. ======================================================================== DSP BBS: (Digital Signal Processing) (included here for reference) Austin, Texas (512) 891-3773 ======================================================================== AESOP - (Applications Engineering Support through On-line Productivity) 1-800-843-3451 (USA and Canada) (512)-891-3650 (elsewhere) This BBS has lists of third party support that supply M68k cross-compilers, C and other language compilers, emulators and analyzers. These lists are extensive. Chip and document errata are found here as well as ordering information for user's manuals and general information. No 8 bit parts. D) ftp Sites ------------- Numerous sites exist around the world that contain software and information for Motorola products. This includes 8, 16 and 32 bit processors. See the section "Free Software Available" in this faq. Much of the information contained on the Motorola BBS in Texas is mirrored on the Internet. Here are three good sites: ftp.luth.se (Sweden) /pub/misc/motorola } for M68K items bode.ee.ualberta.ca /pub/motorola } look under /m68k ernie.uvic.ca / } If trouble is experienced with the Alberta site upon connection, try replacing "bode" with "ftp" or "wattson". A current listing of the files on the Austin BBS is available via ftp from the Alberta site bode.ee.ualberta.ca as /pub/motorola/motorola_bbs_listing. A descriptive listing of files on the ftp sites can be obtained from: bode.ee.ualberta.ca:/pub/motorola as the file INDEX. From ftp.luth.se:/pub/misc/motorola or ernie.uvic.ca get freeware.dir. These files, along with the "Specs in Secs" data disk, should be considered as companion documents to this FAQ. Motorola apparently plans to offer an Internet ftp site soon.(??) ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 3) Hardware (board level) Sources =================================== A) Integrated Development Platform (IDP), MEVB, BCC, et al ------------------------------------------------------------ A series of products by Motorola that consists of a motherboard and various plug-in modules for different CPUs and I/O modules. The motherboard connects to a terminal or host computer through a RS-232 serial port. This system provides a low cost evaluation platform for developing software and hardware for M68K family members. The Product Brief part is M68KIDP/D. M68EC000IDP $510 M68EC000CPU $160 (IDP numbers are mother M68EC020IDP $595 M68EC020CPU $245 and daughter boards, M68EC030IDP $650 M68EC030CPU $300 CPU are daughter boards M68EC040IDP $750 M68EC040CPU $400 only) (US dollars) Sierra 68306 Development Board (with compiler and debugger) is US $249. Contact Mark_Taylor@oakqm3.sps.mot.com (512) 891-2592. for IDP and Sierra. The AMCU (Advanced MicroController Unit) supplies a board similar to the IDP that supports the MC68330 series parts. It is called the MEVB (Motorola Evaluation Board). It is a small (3" by 3") platform board with a processor on it. It supports all the parts that use the Inter-Module Bus (IMB) such as 68HC05, 68HC11, 68HC16 and 68331-334. Try BR711/D for info. Motorola also supplies the "Business Card Computer" (BCC). This is a stand-alone single board MC68340 computer. It is equipped with a monitor - 340bug which is also available on the Motorola BBS or the ftp sites. It is designed to interface between a RS-232 terminal and other boards such as the M68340 Platform Board. The Product Brief part number is BR753/D. Motorola also made the ECB single board computer (MEX68KECB) that runs a MC68000 CPU with a wirewrap area for educational and development purposes. It uses the TUTOR monitor program which is a simple assembler and disassembler. They are no longer available but used units may exist. The TUTOR software is available (source code) from the Motorola BBS and ftp sites and can be used on home brew computers with some modification. Arnewsh Inc, Colorado, (303) 223-1616 / FAX: (303) 223-9573 makes a board similar to the ECB with a 5.25" floppy disk interface. It sells for US$375 with a 25% discount to universities and students. Arnewsh also make single board computers using the 68302 ($495), 68306 ($375) and the 68EN360 ($975, $1475 with the optional MC68EC40). Applix (Lot 1 Kent Street, Yerrinbool, NSW Australia) make a 68000 board with CGA or mono video (MC6845), dual RS-232 ports (8530), 512k DRAM, 512K Eprom, 7 TTL i/o lines, eight A/D inputs and optional floppy controller. The cost is about $250AU. Contact eric@zen.maths.uts.edu.au for more info. B) VME modules ---------------- VME modules are state-of-the-art and are used to construct very powerful, state of the art computer systems. VME boards have data bus sizes of 16, 32 or 64 bits. VME boards now contain processors such as DEC AXP, various DSP chips, AM29000 (RISC chip), PowerPC and 80486 in addition to the Motorola 680x0 line. Many peripheral boards exist including VGA, telecom, analyzers, data acquisition, video processors and memory (1 gigabyte!). The VXIbus is an instrumentation bus compatible with the VME bus. VMEbus Systems Magazine 25875 Jefferson, St. Clair Shores, Michigan, 48081, (313) 774-8180 is free to qualified VME systems users and specifiers and contains industry news, informative articles and useful advertisements. The VXIjournal (VXIbus and GPIB) is also available from this same source. VITA, (VMEbus International Trade Association) 10229 North Scottsdale Rd, Suite B, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85253, (602) 951-8866 publishes the "VMEbus Handbook" $53 and the "VMEbus Specification" $32. The Handbook provides information for programmers, system integrators, engineers while the VMEbus Specification provides more "hardware level" information such as that needed for board design. These two books provide the information needed to understand the VMEbus system and are worth the moderate cost. VITA also publishes a Buyer's Guide for $55 (or $110 a year). A VXIbus Buyer's Guide $33 is available from Micrology pbt, Inc., 2618 S. Shannon Drive, Tempe, Arizona, 85282. (602) 966-5936. There are many manufacturers of VME bus computer modules worldwide. Refer to comp.arch.bus.vmebus for more information. Many VME CPU boards have a built-in monitor program similar to the TUTOR monitor and have a RS-232 port that can be hooked up to a terminal or a host computer. Programs can be entered with the simple assembler/disassembler and executed. Peripheral devices can be attached easily to these boards. These boards are often available used and the older ones with 68000/10 CPUs have a low cost(<$50). ]Newbridge Microsystems manufacture the VME64 (SCV64) controller chip which ]provides a 64 bit VME bus interface from the local bus. This chip has a ]built-in DMA controller, VME address decoder and local bus burst modes. ]It is a 299 pin PGA ($308CDN) or a 304 pin PQFP ($256CDN) package. ]Newbridge also make PCI to VME interface and Futurebus+ interface chips. ](800) 267-7231 (North America), (613) 592-0714 Canada or (408) 258-3600 in ]Calif. A neat setup is a VME board with an internal monitor program connected to an IBM PC with a RS-232 port using a common communication program and an assembler such as 68asmsim or as68k. (Telix works good - treat the VME as a modem) A power supply from an IBM PC will power a VME board.(+5,+-12 volt) A VMEbus FAQ is now under construction for comp.arch.bus.vmebus. C) Indiana University 68030 single board project -------------------------------------------------------- The schematics (in Postscript), GERBER artwork for the PCBs, sources and images for the monitor and PAL programming and some documentation are available via ftp from cs.indiana.edu: /pub/goo/mc68030/. This board uses a floppy disk, IDE hard drive, VGA monitor, a ISA bus and SIMM memory chips. It uses the MINIX operating system (copyrighted), NetBSD and bootp code to run either a wd8003 or 3c501 Ethernet card. The contact person is Ingo Cyliax (cyliax@cs.indiana.edu). ]The Computer Science department is considering offering this board as a ]full or partial kit to the public because of interest generated on the ]Net. For more information or opinions regarding options, (ie board, board ]+ proms, + all parts, assembled vs unassembled etc) please Email Ingo ]Cyliax. Ingo is also interested in opinions of the cost most people would ]expect to pay for such a project to help determine the features included. ]Ingo is also working on some 68302 designs. He has a minimum mode (8 bit) ]68302 design that can load S-records from a PC parallel port. ]The schematic is available in: cs.indiana.edu:pub/goo/uC2 ]He has added info about the '030 and 68302 board to his hyplan, the URL: ] http://www.cs.indiana.edu/hyplan/cyliax.html ]and will add data as he works on it. He also is working on uC3, which is ]a 16 bit mode 68302 with PC/104 interface and takes up to 8Mb of DRAM. D) Consumer computers and Workstations ---------------------------------------- Computers that use the 68K series of processors are Atari, Amiga, Apple MacIntosh and some older Radio Shack models. Opportunities for experimentation may reside in some of these machines. Cross compilers, such as amigacc68k.lha, are available via ftp for the Amiga. There are older workstations that use M68K processors that may be available for low prices. The Sun 3/60 is very popular in the education field and the HP 9000 310 uses a 68010 and the 320 uses a 68020 CPU. The NeXT cube has a 68030 and the SGI Iris 3000 uses a 68020. The AT&T 3b1 computer uses a 68010, has a newsgroup on USENET and is a cheap way to get a SYS V UNIX. 4) Construction Information ============================= ]I guess this is next, well, I am off to grad school so.... 5) General Specifications =========================== A) Integrated Circuit Package Information ------------------------------------------- DIP Dual-in-line-Package only 68000/08/10/12/68HC000 PGA Pin Grid Array (ceramic) easy for hand construction PPGA Pin Grid Array (plastic) "" "" PLCC Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier not generally soldered QFP Quad Flat Package (plastic) difficult to hand solder CQFP Ceramic Quad Flat Package "" "" The DIP is the familiar package with the flexible pins at 0.10 inch spacing. This is the oldest package type used with the 68K family. The PGA (and PPGA) is a square package with rigid pins coming out the bottom. Usually socketed and the pins have a 0.10 inch spacing. The PLCC are meant to be in sockets soldered to a circuit board. They have a pin spacing of 0.050 inch. The package is square. The QFP and the CQFP are surface mount devices and are the latest package type used with the 68K family. The package is square with a pin spacing of a mere 0.025 inches making hand soldering difficult but not impossible. Generally, specialized soldering equipment is needed but many people solder with a sharp tipped iron. The pins are flexible but due to their short length cannot be bent very much. AMP (a plug and socket manufacturer) apparently manufacture sockets for these packages. 3M may be another source. The sockets have a 0.10 inch spacing for easier construction. B) Pin-outs ------------- "What is the pin for ...." is a frequently-asked-question. The question is often asked for older processors such as 6800 and 68000. This information is becoming available on the World-Wide-Web (WWW) and elsewhere. One place to try is http://131.246.89.1 (www.unix-ag.uni-kl.de). Click on the Motorola symbol under "hardware". This site is in German, English and others. This web is still under construction. Note new address!! ]Oxford University has some CPU pinouts and instruction set information ]available. The list is not up to date. To contribute contact ]jonathan.bowen@comlab.ox.ac.uk. The information is available from: ]http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/archive/cards.html or by ftp from: ]ftp.comlab.ox.ac.uk:/pub/Cards. --------------------------------------------------------------------- C) S-Records -------------- S-Records are Ascii characters in a protocol developed by Motorola and is used to transfer data and program code to and from host computers or to store such information. Details of this protocol have been archived as s_record.zip at bode.ee.ualberta.ca:/pub/motorola/general and also at ftp.luth.se:/pub/misc/motorola/faq as s_record.gz. D) CPU Clocks and Double-Clocking ----------------------------------- CPU clock speeds are used by consumers to compare the performance of different microprocessors. This is the classic case of comparing apples and oranges in almost all cases. Clock speeds can only be used for comparison with the same processor and then with care. For example, a 1 Mhz MC6800 processor runs at the same bus speed as a 4 Mhz MC6802: the 6802 has a divide-by-4 circuit so less expensive 4 Mhz crystals can be used. This is also a cheap way to make a CPU seem more powerful but runs the risk of marketing "numbers games". It is better to compare CPUs with test programs that return comparison values such as "millions of instructions per second (MIPS) or Dhrystones. Motorola clock frequencies should not be directly compared with other manufacturer's frequencies. The effective speed of a processor depends not only on clock speeds but computer bus speed (ie memory speed), CPU registers, internal features (such as caches), FPU units, external features such as external caches and data bus width and the software used. An instruction and/or data cache usually dramatically improves system speed. A 25 Mhz part is not necessarily twice the speed of a 12.5 Mhz part but also depends on the external resources the CPU is connected to. The issue of "clock-doubling" with Apple products and the 68040 is a question often asked on the net. Apple (and others) advertises some of its notebook computers with "33/66 or 25/50" Mhz speed designations. This has been referred to as "clock doubling". The '040 has two clock inputs - PCLK and BCLK. PCLK runs at twice the frequency of BCLK. BCLK (1/2 PCLK) runs at the frequency of the part and is used to derive all bus signal timing. PCLK (2x BCLK) is used for internal logic timing. PCLK is not present on the 3.3 volt parts (MC68040V and 68EC040V). The 68020/030/060 do not have this feature but the 68360 does. Use BCLK as the part's true speed. This is not the same as Intel's "clock doubling" on the 486 Overdrive chip. "Overclocking" refers to increasing a CPU's clock frequency beyond the part's specification for higher performance (also called clock-chipping). 6) Literature =============== Motorola publishes a plethora of literature ranging from product brochures and data sheets to detailed technical application notes (AN). The "Specs in Secs" data disk has a listing with descriptions of various documents. Application Notes are examples of applications of all Motorola products. An example is "AN1310 - Using the MC68332 Microcontroller for AC Induction Motor Control". Schematics, drawings and short program code are often included in these informative and usually easy to read notes. Article Reprints are reprints of articles from various publications that are of interest to users of Motorola products. An example is "AR217 - The Motorola MC68020. Articles are on the technical side yet easy to read. Brochures are usually short yet comprehensive outlines of Motorola products. An example is "BR176/D - M68000 Family Brochure." Selection Guides give information needed to choose among family members. The "Master Selection Guide (SG73/D) lists all Motorola products. M680x0 series and the MC68300 series are in SG167/D and SG166/D respectively. Engineering Bulletins are similar to application notes. An example is "EB111 - The Application of a Duplexer". Design Concepts are similar and are also listed in the "Specs in Secs" disk. Data sheets are available in various stages of completion as the products mature. They are Product Briefs, Technical Summary, Advanced Information and regular. The Advanced Information is how most data sheets are made available. Data sheets part numbers contain the device part number followed (usually) by a /D. Examples are MC68360/D and MC68331TS/D. (TS means "technical summary"). Data sheet books have a suffix of DL and often have application notes in addition to specific data sheets for a family of parts. A listing is in the "Specs in Secs" data disk. User's Manuals contain just about everything you need to know about a device (except price and availability and instruction set details). The part number is the device number with a suffix of UM/AD. Examples are MC68606UM/AD, MC68030UM/AD and MC68360UM/AD. The 68360UM is 3.5 cm thick. Programmer's Manuals contain instruction set details such as mnemonics and data and addressing details. Most User's Manuals contain an overview of the instructions. Examples are M68000PM/AD (get this book) and CPU32RM/AD. Many third party textbooks contain information about this material too. Some more useful documents in addition to those listed above are: BR135/D - "Applications & Products Literature Selector Guide etc" - A list of available application notes (AN), BR, AR, EB etc documents referenced by chip part number and product category for all Motorola products. In Europe order as SG410/D. BR101/D - "Technical Literature and Information Guide" This lists (with short descriptions and prices) data books (DL), Selector Guides and Applications Literature, User's Manuals and textbooks. European edition - BR464/D. FR68K/D - "M68000 Family Reference", a book that contains data sheets for most of the current 68K family. May be M68000FR/AD. MPC601UM/AD - PowerPc 601 RISC Processor User's Manual. BR1133/D - High-Performance Product Portfolio Overview (HIPPO) - a quarterly overview of 16 and 32 bit microprocessors. Too large to fax (61 pages). SG421/D in Europe. ]DL409/D - collection of Application Notes, Article Reprints etc. ($14.85) ]DL408/D - as DL409/D but for 8-bit MCU parts. ($14.85) The file "texthelp.zip" available from: ftp.luth.se:/pub/misc/motorola/general contains a list of most Motorola data literature. This file is getting old though...the $100 subscription mentioned in the embedded file UPDATE_S is no longer available. A) "Specs in Secs" -------------------- The Motorola "Specs in Secs" data disc contains the addresses for Motorola sales offices and distributors around the world besides product selection. A listing of various Application Notes and other publications is included. This disc is available from the Motorola BBS, bode.ee.ualberta.ca and ftp.luth.se. The file name for the latest version (6) is spec6.arc or spec6.zip. This file is about 340k and is worth downloading. B) "UPDATE" ------------- For general technical information (voice) try 1-800-521-6274 (USA and Canada). For information concerning literature or ordering "UPDATE" (BR128) which is a brochure outlining recent product releases and new publications and data sheets, call 1-800-441-2447 (USA) or (602)-994-6561. C) "The 68K Connection" ------------------------- The newsletter "The 68KC Connection" is available by mailing or faxing your name, address and company name to: The 68K Connection FAX = (512) 891-2943 Motorola, MD OE310 6501 William Cannon Drive West Austin, Texas 78735-2943 This newsletter contains general news and information concerning 68K family members and their implementation in various products. D) Master Selection Guide --------------------------- A free book that lists all products manufactured by Motorola. Distributors should be able to provide a copy. Published periodically. Part # SG73/D. E) Motorola Addresses ----------------------- For lists of Motorola Field Offices and Literature centres around the world, consult the "Specs in Secs" file or under the /marketing directory in the ftp sites mentioned above. F) Literature Distribution Centres ------------------------------------ USA: Motorola Literature Distribution (800) 441-2447 P.O. Box 20912 Phoenix, Arizona 85036 Europe: Motorola Ltd. European Literature Center 88 Tanners Drive Blakelands, Milton Keynes MK14 5BP, England Asia-Pacific: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd. Silicon Harbour Center No. 2 Dai King Street Tai Po Industrial Estate Tai Po, N.T. Hong Kong Japan: Nippon Motorola Ltd. 4-32-1 Nishi-Gotanda Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141, Japan G) Training and Instructional Books ------------------------------------- Motorola runs technical seminars on various processor families. BR348AD/D (if available) outlines these programs. (602) 897-3665 (Phoenix, Arizona) There are many books available about Motorola processors. Check public libraries and universities (especially ones with Computer Science or Engineering programs) for suitable texts in the QA76 area. Larger book stores often have some titles - look also under Macintosh computers. See the file texthelp.zip described above under 6) Literature. (dated material) The Motorola Literature Distribution Center has the following text books listed in BR135 with prices presumably correct, in US $ and plus shipping. TB303/D Using Microprocessors and Microcomputers: The Mot. Family.$49.80 TB320/D The M68000 Family, Vol 1. Architecture, Addressing Modes and Instruction Set. $36.25 TB322/D Vol 2. Applications and the M68K devices. $37.15 TB323/D The 68000 Book (Southern, 1990) $19.50 TB325/D The MC68332 Microcontroller. $46.75 TPURM/AD MC68300 Family Time Processor Unit (TPU) Reference Manual. $1.90 ] H) University Support: all this is new! ------------------------ Motorola has two centers that provide support for university programs that feature Motorola products. These centers are geared towards providing assistance to professors but will help students. The Phoenix center focuses on discrete and logic devices while the Austin location handles microprocessors and D.S.P. products. Both locations are able to assist in each other's product areas. These centers can help provide literature, devices, training and equipment at low or no cost on a discretionary basis to qualified individuals or institutions. Motorola University Support Motorola Semiconductor Products Division 505 Barton Springs Road University Support Suite 450 Mail Drop 56-106 Austin, Texas 78704 P.O. Box 52073 phone (512) 505-8836 Phoenix, Arizona 85072 fax (512) 505-8883 phone (602) 952-3857 fax (602) 952-3621 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ I am still working on this faq. It will never be done...reality. comments and corrections to r.boys@genie.geis.com Thanks for all those who have helped me with this. Greg Hawley Wisconsin Ingo Cyliax Indiana Jeff Loeliger Scotland Ben Stuyts The Netherlands Mike Coughlin Massachusets Graham Wood Great Britain John Hauser California Frans Meulen The Netherlands Frank Sautter Deutschland John Rummel Canada Heiko Krupp Deutschland Toni Zollikofer Deutschland Paul Nelson Texas Robert Federle Deutschland Thanks to Kees den Hartigh (Alberta) and Olof Johansson (Sweden) for sparing a few K on their hard drives for me. ....and all the posters on comp.sys.m68k and comp.arch.bus.vmebus ....and all those who I forgot to mention. <apologies> Special thanks to George Bucek for letting me rummage through his library. This FAQ would be a mess w/o their i/p. Of course, thanks to all those at Motorola who have always helped me with procuring information and for being so friendly on the phone. ]And don't forget...if it wasn't for Motorola, the Apple Macintosh would be ]running Windows 3.1. Robert Boys Ontario, CANADA